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WINDMILL.

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, 10.268,403. 4Patented 1360.518232.-

(Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. C. C. HILL 8v L. PETTERSEN.

'WINDMILL No. 268,403. Patented Dec. 5, 1882.

UNrrED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHRISTIAN C. HILL AND LUDVIG PETTERSEN, OF CHICAGO, ILL., ASSIGI ORS TO THEMSELVES AND SAMUEL K. WHITE, OF SAME PLACE.

WINDMILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 268,403, dated December 5, 1882,

Application tiled March 28, 1881. (Model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHRISTIAN 0.]-I1LL and LUDVIG PETTERSEN, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have in- 5 vented certain new and useful Improvements in Windmills, of which the following is a speciiication.

Our invention relates to improvements in mechanism for transmitting power in wind- Io mills,andforgoverningandadjustingthewindwheel to the wind; and the same consists in transmitting the rotary motion of the windwheel shaft to a crank-shaft below by means of a pitman-rod attached to the crank of the windwheelshaft,and havingits lowerend connected to the lower end of a corresponding pitmanrod of equal length on the crank-shaft below by means of a central swivel-rod or tube-connection, to permit of the free rotation of the 2o turn-table upon which the wind-wheel shaft is mounted.

Heretofore motion has been transmitted from one swiveling crank-shaft to another by means of a swiveling connection connecting the two pitman-rods; but heretofore such connection has been attached to the lower end of one pitman-rod and the upper end of the other, or,.in other words, not made equal in length to the distance between the crank-shafts, so that the 3o varying inclination of the pitman-rods` would necessarily cause great irregularity in the operation of the device.

It is the object of our invention to remedy this difficulty and provide an efficient device for transmitting motion from the swiveling crank-shaftof the wind-wheel to the corresponding crank-shaft below.

To avoid a dead-center and increased friction and cause the mechanism to work smooth- 4o 1y and evenly, we employ two cranks, one at right angles to the other, on the 'lower shaft, and three cranks on the upper shaft, the middle one being at right angles to the two outerones, which are parallel to each other. The connection between the corresponding cranks on the two shafts being formed by the two equal pit-l man-rods connected at their lower ends to the central swivel-rod, the variation due to the change in the inclination of one pitman-rod to 5o the central connecting swivel rod or tube is compensated for by the corresponding change in the inclination of the other pitman-rod, so that the two cranks will always remain parallel to each other, or at equal inclinations to a horizontal plane, which would not be the case if the swivel connecting-rod were not extended down below the lower crank, but made shorter, so that the upper instead of the lower end of the pitman-rod would be connected to its eX- tremity.

Our invention also consists in employing, in connection with a tail-vane, a small regulatingvane secured on an arm at or nearly at right angles to the axis of the wind-wheel, whereby the force of the wind, in connection with the compensating-Weights, is made to govern the direction of the tail-vane, and thus to veer the Wheel in and out of the wind as the force of the same decreases or increases.

It also consists in the novel devices and com- 79 binations of devices herein shown.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which similar letters of reference indicate like parts, Figure l is a side elevation of a device embodying our invention. Fig. 2 is a central vertical section of the same. Fig is a plan view of the same; and Fig. 4 is a detail side view ofthe middle set of connections, pitman-rods, and cranks.

In said drawings,A represents the frame of 8o the machine, and A' is the wind-wheel.

B is the wind-wheel shaft, mounted in suitable bearin gs on the turn-table'B. This shaft is provided with three cranks, b, b', and b2, the two outer ones parallel to each other, and the middle one, b', at right angles to the other two.

C is the lower shaft, mounted in suitable bearings in the frame, to which the rotary motion of the wind-wheel shaft is to be communicated.

It is located near the ground, and may be pro- 9o vided with band or gear Wheels, or other suitable devices, for communicating the power to the machine or apparatus designed to be operated by the windmill. This shaft is provided with two cranks, c and c', at right angles to 95 each other, corresponding in length to the cranks on the shaft B.

The pitman-rods b3 and b4, which are journaled to the cranks b and b2, are pivoted at their lower ends, at diametrically-opposite :oo points, to the collard, fitted in asuitable shoulder or groove, d', on the upper end of the hola aca-rica low tube or piston D, so as to form a swiveljointconnection therewith, to permit of the free revolution of the turn-table.

d2 is a rectangular frame, surrounding the shaft C, connected at its upper end, by means ot' a strap, d3, with the hollow tube D, and provided at its lower end with a stud or bracket, d4, to which the lower end of the pitman-rod c2, which is journaled to the crank c, is pivoted. The pitman-rod c2 is made the samelength as the pitman-rods b3 and b4, and the distance between the collar d and the stud d4, to which the pitman-rod c2 is pivoted, is equal to the distance between the shafts B and U. The Vrectangular frame cl2 should be madelong and wide enough to give room for the pitman c2 and crank c.

d5 is a guide-rod secured to the bottomof the frame d2, working in a suitable hole in the block ZG to guide the motion ot' the frame.

The tube D works up and down in a guideframe, E, secured to the main frame, the tube bearing against the inner ends of the adjusting-screws c, by which it may be accurately centered in its motion. The tube D is prevented from turning or causing any twisting strain upon the frame d2 or other parts by means of a lug secured to the guide-frame E, working in the groove c in the tube D. The pitman-rods bsand biare secured together by a curved brace, b5, in order to secure a more even action of the two pitmene The pitman-rod b, which is journaled to the crank b', is connected by a swivel-joint, bl, to the piston-rod 118, which works up and down in the hollow tube D. The lower end ot' this piston-rod Z1 is connected to the rectangular frame F, similar in all respects to the frame d2, heretofore described. The pitman-rod c3, which is journaled to the crank c, is pivoted to the lower end of this frame. By employing two sets of similar cranks and connections the friction is materially diminished, as the force or strain is thereby rendered evenly balanced on every part.

The principle and operation of this part of our invention will be readily understood from Fig. 4 of the drawings, in which the parts are shown in two positions, one being in dotted lines. As the swivel-connection, consisting of the rod b8 and frame F, which connects the lower extremities of the pitman-rods b5 and c3 is equal in length to the distance between the crank-shafts B and C, it is obvious that the pitman-rods b5 and c3 will always remain parallel to each other, or at an equal inclination to a vertical line passing through the centers of the crank-shafts, so that the cranks b and c will always be in corresponding positions, thusperfectly transmitting the motion from one shaft to the other without any loss or irregularity. The other set of connections and cranks operate in the same manner, and, excepting for the purpose of avoiding a dead-center, only one set need be employed.

The turn-table B', upon which the windwheel shaft is mounted, is supported on a series of friction-rollers, g, which rest upon a flat circular track, g', consisting ot' aprojection or shoulder on the tubular casting W, which is secured tov the frame. fined in place between the casting G, which is secured to the casting W by the bolts w, as an interior circular wall, and the turn-table B as an exterior circular wall. A ring, H, equalin width to the length ot rollers g, is secured to theturn-table by means of bolts or screws h, and rests upon the rollers, and thus supports the turn-table on the rollers. Above this ring H, and between it and the upper exterior projecting edge, h', of the casting G, we provide another set of friction-rollers, g2, so that the cap or projection 7i will notbear directly against the ring H. In this way we securea very smoothly and easily turning turn-table.

The tail-vaneK is secured to a vertical shaft, 708, mounted in bearings attached to the turntable, and which isv provided with a small pinion, 7c, which meshes with cogs 7c', cut in the ring k2, which encircles the turn-table. segment-gears 7a3, mounted on pivots 7c4,rwhich are secured to the turn-table, mesh with cogs kf', cut in the under side of the ring 7a2, and these segments are provided with arms la, which carry the governin g-weights 7c?. These weights, connected in this way with the tail-vane, tend to keep the wind-wheel in the wind, as the wheel cannot veer out of the wind without raising these weighted arms, and the more it veers out ofthe wind the greater is the tendency of the weights to bring it back, as the higher the arms are raised the greater 'is the acting distance ot' theV weights.

M is a small governing-vane attached to the -arm m, which is secured to the turn-table.

This vane is arranged nearly parallel tothe surface of the wind-wheel, so that the force ot' the wind acting against the same tends to turn the wheel out of the wind, which tendency, however, is counterbalanced by the weights, unless the wind is too strong, in which Icase the two vanes are turned parallel to each other and thewheel turned out of the wind. The greater the force of the wind the greater, of course, is the tendency of this vane M to turn the wheel out ofthe wind, so that the vane M, in connection with the tail-vane and governing-weights,constitutesaself-regulatingdevice for controlling the wind-wheel.

N is a spring secured to the turn-table for the purpose of keeping the tail-vane in place and preventing its swinging around in the wrong direction.

It is obvious that the frames Pand F, which are described as rectangular, may be made of other equivalent forms, or that any other suitable connection may be substituted in place of the frames. We however prefer to use the frames.

1. The combinatiouot` the ripper and lower crank-shafts, with a pitman-rod journaled to each of said crank-shafts, and a swivel-connection connecting the extremities of said pitman- The rollers g are con- Thel IOO

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rods, said connection, independent of the pitman-rods, bein g equal in length to the distance between said crank-shafts, substantially as specified.

2. Thecombination of shaft B, provided with cranks b b b2, pitman-rods b3 b4 126, collar d, hollow tube D, piston-rod bs, provided with a swivel-connection with pistonrod 116, frames dz and F, pitman-rods c2 c3, and shaft C, provided with cranks c and c', all arranged and combined substantially as'described.

3. The combination of the turn-table, provided with an interior ring, H, the tubular casting W, provided with exterior shoulder or track,vg', and friction-rollers g, substantially as specified. 

